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[AipuWaton] Fahamka lama huraanka VLAN-yada

Maxay qabtaan 8-da fiil ee fiilada Ethernet

VLAN (Virtual Local Area Network) waa tignoolajiyada isgaarsiinta oo si macquul ah u qaybisa LAN jireed qaybo badan oo warbaahineed. VLAN kasta waa goob warbaahineed halkaas oo martigaliyayaasha ay si toos ah ula xiriiri karaan, halka xiriirka ka dhexeeya VLAN-yada kala duwan ay xaddidan tahay. Natiijo ahaan, fariimaha baahinta waxay ku kooban yihiin hal VLAN.

Nuxurka

Waa maxay sababta VLAN-yada loogu baahan yahay
·VLAN vs. Subnet
·VLAN Tag iyo VLAN ID
·Noocyada Interfaces VLAN iyo VLAN Tag Handling Mechanisms
·Xaaladaha Isticmaalka ee VLANs
·Arrimaha VLAN-yada ee Deegaanka Cloud

Waa maxay sababta VLAN-yada loogu baahan yahay

Shabakadihii hore ee Ethernet waxay ahaayeen tignoolajiyada isku xidhka xogta ee ku salaysan CSMA/CD (Daryeelka Sense Multiple Access/Detection) ee isticmaalay dhexdhexaadinta isgaadhsiinta. Markii tirada martigaliyayaasha ay kordheen, waxay keentay isku dhacyo halis ah, duufaanno baahiyey, hoos u dhac weyn oo ku yimid waxqabadka, iyo xitaa shabakad go'an. In kasta oo isku xidhka LAN-yada la isticmaalayo aaladaha lakabka 2 ay xalin karaan arrimaha isku dhaca, haddana way ku guul-darraysatay inay go'doomiso farriimaha baahinta iyo inay hagaajiso tayada shabakadda. Tani waxay horseeday horumarinta tignoolajiyada VLAN, taas oo u qaybisa LAN dhowr VLANs macquul ah; VLAN kastaa waxa ay matalaysaa domain baahinta, taas oo awood u siinaysa xidhiidhka gudaha VLAN sida haddii ay tahay LAN iyada oo laga hortagayo xidhiidhka VLAN-ka iyo xaddidaya farriimaha baahinta gudaha VLAN.

配图1（为什么需要VLAN)-1

Sawirka 1: Doorka VLANs

Markaa, VLAN-yadu waxay leeyihiin faa'iidooyinka soo socda:

Xakamaynta Domains baahinta: Qaybaha baahinta waxay ku xidhan yihiin VLAN, ilaalinta xadhkaha xadhkaha goosadka iyo kor u qaadida awooda habaynta shabakada.
Kor u qaadida Amniga LAN: Farimaha ka imanaya VLAN-yada kala duwan ayaa go'doonsan inta lagu guda jiro gudbinta, taasoo la micno ah in isticmaalayaasha ku jira hal VLAN aysan si toos ah ula xiriiri karin isticmaalayaasha VLAN kale.
Kordhinta Adkeysiga Shabakadda: Ciladuhu waxay ku xaddidan yihiin hal VLAN, markaa arrimaha ku jira hal VLAN ma saameeyaan shaqada caadiga ah ee VLAN-yada kale.
Dhisidda Kooxda Shaqaale Virtual dabacsan: VLAN-yadu waxay u qaybin karaan isticmaalayaasha kooxo shaqo oo kala duwan, taas oo u oggolaanaysa xubnaha isla koox-shaqaaleed in ay shaqeeyaan iyaga oo aan lagu xaddidin meel gaar ah, taas oo ka dhigaysa dhismaha iyo dayactirka shabakadda mid fudud oo dabacsanaan leh.

VLAN vs. Subnet

Iyada oo loo sii kala qaybinayo qaybta shabakadda ee ciwaannada IP-ga oo loo kala qaybiyo dhawr shabakadood, heerka isticmaalka hooseeya ee booska ciwaanka IP-ga iyo adkaynta ciwaannada IP-ga ee laba-heer ah ayaa wax laga qaban karaa. Si la mid ah VLAN-yada, shabakadaha hoose waxay sidoo kale go'doomin karaan xidhiidhka ka dhexeeya martigeliyayaasha. Martigaliyayaasha ka tirsan VLAN-yada kala duwan si toos ah uma wada xidhiidhi karaan, si la mid ah martigaliyayaasha ku jira shabakad-hoosaadyada kala duwan ma awoodaan. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, ma jiro xiriir toos ah oo u dhexeeya labada.

VLAN Subnet
Farqiga Loo isticmaalo in lagu qaybiyo shabakadaha lakabka 2.
  Ka dib markii la habeeyo is-dhexgalka VLAN, isticmaalayaasha VLAN-yada kala duwan waxay la xiriiri karaan oo keliya haddii dariiqa la sameeyo.
  Ilaa 4094 VLANs ayaa lagu qeexi karaa; Tirada aaladaha ku dhex jira VLAN ma xaddidna.
Xiriirka Isla VLAN, hal ama in ka badan ayaa lagu qeexi karaa shabakadaha hoose.

VLAN Tag iyo VLAN ID

Si loo sahlo daarayaasha inay kala soocaan farriimaha VLAN-yada kala duwan, goob lagu aqoonsanayo macluumaadka VLAN waa in lagu daraa fariimaha. Xeerka IEEE 802.1Q wuxuu qeexayaa in 4-byte VLAN tag (oo loo yaqaan VLAN Tag) lagu daro xogta Ethernet si loo aqoonsado macluumaadka VLAN.

配图2 (VLAN Tag和VLAN ID) -2

Goobta VID-da ee qaabka xogta ayaa tilmaamaysa VLAN-ka xogta laga leeyahay; Qaabka xogta waxaa lagu gudbin karaa oo keliya gudaha VLAN-keeda loogu talagalay. Goobta VID-du waxay ka dhigan tahay aqoonsiga VLAN, kaas oo u dhexeeya 0 ilaa 4095. Maadaama 0 iyo 4095 ay ku jiraan borotokoolka, qiyaasta ansax ee VLAN IDs waa 1 ilaa 4094. Dhammaan xogta lagu farsameeyo gudaha gudaha shilku waxay wataan calaamadaha VLAN, halka Aaladaha qaarkood (sida adeegsadaha iyo adeegayaasha) ee ku xidhan furaha kaliya waxay soo diraan oo helaan fireemooyinka Ethernet-ka caadiga ah iyada oo aan lahayn summada VLAN.

配图3（VLAN间用户的二层隔离）-3

Sidaa darteed, si loola falgalo aaladahaan, is-beddelka is-dhexyaaca waa in ay aqoonsadaan fireemada Ethernet-ka caadiga ah oo ay ku daraan ama ka siibaan calaamadaha VLAN inta lagu jiro gudbinta. Summada VLAN ee lagu daray waxay u dhigantaa VLAN-ga caadiga ah ee interface-ka (Port Default VLAN ID, PVID).

配图4-4
配图5 通过VLANIF实现VLAN间用户的三层互访-5
微信图片_20240614024031.jpg1

Noocyada Interfaces VLAN iyo VLAN Tag Handling Mechanisms

Shabakadaha hadda jira, isticmaalayaasha ka tirsan isla VLAN waxaa laga yaabaa inay ku xidhmaan furayaasha kala duwan, waxaana jiri kara VLAN-yo badan oo ku kala wareegaya furayaasha. Haddii isgaadhsiinta isticmaaluhu ay lama huraan tahay, is-dhexgalka u dhexeeya furayaasha waa inay awoodaan inay aqoonsadaan oo ka soo diraan faylalka xogta VLAN-yo badan isku mar. Iyada oo ku xidhan walxaha isku xidhan iyo sida loo farsameeyo fiimyada, waxa jira noocyo kala duwan oo VLAN interfaces si ay u waafajiyaan isku xidhka iyo isku xidhka kala duwan.

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